2003. Vol. 4. No. 3

See the beginning in T. 4 №2, 2003. In the final part of the paper the factors of transition from proto-entrepreneurial to the real entrepreneurial activity are considered. The motivation peculiarities, forms of participation and sources of the capital for beginners are under focus. Moreover the author pays attention to the difficulties to start small and family business basing on a) current and former entrepreneurs, b) experts. The role of service organizations in supporting the start-ups is also under consideration in the paper.  

In the final part the author depicts the characteristics of the latent state fragmentation, when the basic complex of organizational-technical state means still exist but the state itself does not. The author sees the state as a type of “head-covers” which is legal and public. The situation of competition of different structures for the taxpayer is under focus, where the state is not the only one structure. Finally the author goes to the analysis of the problem on the macro level, tackling the issues of state strengthening as they are put before Vladimir Putin.

This paper gives a critical review of the four main research lines in network analysis. Authors begin with the discussion of an informal aspect of the networks – the role of the social ties in job search, mobilization of collective action and information transferring. After that the authors turn to the analysis of the more developed and formal direction of the network analysis, devoted to the networks and power. The next step is the consideration of the de-evolution of the big vertically centralized integrated firm and its division in complicated relation networks. Finally the paper deals with production networks where the authors underline the importance of space decentralized joined production in the development of new production processes and commercialization of new products. The paper focuses on the studies that demonstrated the main role of the networks in economic life and those studies that complement to each other. 

Relying on the empirical results the author concludes that the social and economic dependence of females is multivariable. Their dependence in the family is stipulated not by the economic factor but also by non-economic factors such as spouse relations, emotional affection. Under the current culture a woman that has children could change the realms of her dependence but it is much more difficult for her to exit the dependence. The financial dependence of a woman leads to the social dependence during the relation process with her man. Economic dependence from her parents and state has less restriction to her freedom. Economic dependence plays the key role in the gender inequality reproduction: home duties of women limit their possibilities on the labour market and determine the lower wages, that consolidates the established labour division in the family. The issue of the possible overcoming this female dependence remains challenging. The author states that only the changes in the culture, consciousness and mentality could solve the problem. 

The goal of the research is to study the impact of resident differences on the stratification in societies of micro, mezzo and macro levels: starting from small social group till society. The author shows that inequality in terms of lifelong as a factor of social stratification independent from the level (small group, organization, city, and society) has a row of specific characteristics.  The residence appearance always means the existence of some relations space (territory) and migration processes. In different societies resident stratification system has the same formation stages. Residence is based on “resources” and “values” as well as on formal and informal institutions that support the existed resident inequality.  So the author concludes that this entire let us speak about reasonable analysis of residence as rather stable factor of stratification and its impact on the society structure.