2010. Vol. 11. No. 5

There is a lot of evidence that preconditions for development philanthropic institutions have been created in Russia within the last decade. Still there are only few papers devoted to the analysis of Russians’ charitable activity. The lack in empirical data presents a major obstacle for this kind of research. This article is aimed to fill a gap in the empirical knowledge and demonstrate an actual degree of Russians’ involvement in donations. Main factors affecting charitable activities are described. The nationwide Russian empirical data set is viewed through the prism of international context of philanthropic activity. The empirical data was collected by Centre for Studies of Civil Society and Non-for-profit Sector (CSCSNS) in the frameworks of the Monitoring of the development of Russian civil society. The project is supported by the Program for Fundamental Studies of the State University ― Higher School of Economics.

Production markets have two sides: producers are a fully connected clique transacting with buyers as a separate but aggregated clique. Each producer is a distinctive firm with a distinctive product. Each side continually monitors reactions of the other through the medium of a joint social construction, the schedule of terms of trade. Each producer is guided in choice of volume by the tangible outcomes of other producers-not by speculation on hypothetical reactions of buyers to its actions. Each producer acts purely on self-interest based on observed actions of all others, summarized through a feedback process. The summary is the terms-of-trade schedule, which reduces to constant price only in limiting cases. The market emerges as a structure of roles with a differentiated niche for each firm. Explicit formulae-both for firms and for market aggregates are obtained by comparative-statics methods for one family of assumptions about cost structures and about buyers' evaluations of differentiated products. Not just any set of firms can sustain terms of trade with any set of buyers. There prove to be three main kinds of markets, and three sorts of market failure, within a parameter space that is specified in detail. One sort of market (PARADOX) has a Madison Avenue flavor, another is more conventional (GRIND), and a third (CROWDED) is a new form not included in any existing theory of markets. Current American industrial markets are drawn on for 20 illustrations, of which three are presented in some detail. Inequality in firms' market shares (measured by Gini coefficients) is discussed.

The paper is devoted to the interconnection of labour motivation system and organizational culture in commercial banks. The research covers several banks of Barnaul city in Altai region. The main issues discussed in the paper follow as: in which way can system of labour motivation and organizational culture be interconnected? How can the impact of values of a specific type of organizational culture be taken into account while a given bank’s system of labour motivation is being formed?

The paper considers an issue of institutionalization of the market for individual services of child care. In Russia the state does not regulate this service market and does not impose specific formal institutions here. However, consumers tend to adopt the public institution of licensing: employers ask a given candidate for their job vacancy to provide a diploma or the other credentials confirmed by the state. Recruitment agencies imitate these institutional arrangements from the public sector of kindergartens. Attracting G. Akerlof’s conception and the P. DiMaggio and W. Powell’s theory of institutional isomorphism the author tries to explain how formal institutions are borrowed.няни

The paper is devoted to the phenomenon of non-permanent employment in Russia focusing on the problem of definitions and measurement. After an overview of main approaches evaluating non-permanent employment, the author provides a definition which corresponds to the statistical categories applied in international studies. It gives a good opportunity to analyze the data from comparative perspective. The paper also deals with the issues labour legislation regulating non-permanent employment. The author estimates the structure and dynamics of the temporary employment in Russia which makes up to 8 million people in 2008.