Radical economic reforms of the last 10 years led to the intensive social and economic diversification of the Russian population. The consequences of this could be seen in forming incompatible interests of the “top” and the “bottom”, “ghettoization” of big groups of people on the lowest levels of the social structure without any perspectives for the better in future. Social polarization stems from the cumulative character of the social processes. The authors claim that Russia is at the begging of the spontaneous process of the accumulating advantages and deepening deprivation in the society as a whole. The paper provides the analysis of the probability of the empirical study. The factors of the growing inequality as well as the factors that block the social polarization are under focus.